Explain commercial banks, different services and departments of commercial banks.

Answer:
Commercial Bank:
A Commercial Bank is a financial institution that provides various financial services, such as accepting deposits and issuing loans. Commercial bank customers can take advantage of a range of investment products that commercial banks offer like savings accounts and certificates of deposit.
Services of Commercial Bank:
1.      Accepting Deposit
Accepting deposit from savers or account holders is the primary function of bank. Banks accept deposit from those who can save money, but cannot utilize in profitable sectors. People prefer to deposit their savings in a bank because by doing so, they earn interest.
2.      Advancing Of Loans
Banks are profit oriented business organizations. So, they have to advance loan to public and generate interest from them as profit. After keeping certain cash reserves, banks provide short-term, medium-term and long-term loans to needy borrowers. 
3.      Discounting Of Bill Of Exchange
Discounting bill of exchange is another function of modern commercial bank. Under this, banks purchase bill of exchange from holder in discount after making some marginal deduction in the form of commission. The banks pay the deducted value to the holders when traders discount it into bank. 
4.      Cheque Payment
Banks provide Cheque pads to the account holders. Account holders can draw Cheque upon bank to pay money. Banks pay for cheques of customers after formal verification and official procedures. .
5.      Remittance
Remittance is a system, through which cash fund is transferred from one place to another. Banks provide the facilities of remittance to the customers and earn some service charge.
6.      Collection And Payment Of Credit Instruments
In modern business, different types of credit instruments such as bill of exchange, promissory notes, cheques etc. are used. Banks deal with such instruments. Modern banks collect and pay different types of credit instruments as the representative of the customers.
7.      Foreign Currency Exchange
Banks deal with foreign currencies. As the requirement of customers, banks exchange foreign currencies with local currencies, which is essential to settle down the dues in the international trade.
8.      Consultancy
Modern commercial banks are large organizations. They can expand their function to consultancy business. In this function, banks hire financial, legal and market experts, who provide advices to customers in regarding investment, industry, trade, income, tax etc.
9.      Bank Guarantee
Customers are provided the facility of bank guarantee by modern commercial banks. When customers have to deposit certain fund in governmental offices or courts for specific purpose, bank can present itself as the guarantee for the customer, instead of depositing fund by customers. 
Departments of Commercial bank:
To begin, a bank is structured like any other business that provides services to its customers. It consists of the front office and the back office.
Front Office of a Bank:
Employees who are involved in external activities with customers who transact business with a bank.
Back Office of a Bank:
Employees who perform internal activities to affect the operational functions of a bank. Some activities include interaction with customers, some do not.

Types of departments of Front and back office department
1.      Saving bank
2.      Current account
3.      Fixed deposit
4.      Remittances
5.      Clearing
6.      Staff salary
7.      Pension payment
8.      Security department
9.      Stationery department
10.  Loan section
Loan department may be have separate departments such as
1.      Retail loan
2.      Housing loan
3.      MSME
4.      Government sponsored schemes loan processing center
5.      Agricultural finance department
6.      Gold loan department
7.      Foreign exchange – deposits/ remittances/loans/guarantees etc.



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